A New World, Pages 88-133

Summary: Poor houses were used to supply and help the needy, men and women had separate wards. Some prisoners were clapped with irons, they were bound to furniture, walls and doors, left for days, weeks or even months. In Asylums intended to help mentally ill patients many people were thrown in the asylum; and subjected to the behaviors of the sane, and insane. These many problems led to prison reforms. Many people like Elizabeth Fry tried to help change these prisons with prison reforms. From silence and solitary it was hoped that criminals would've repented. Solitary confinement lasted for long periods of time, it left the victims helpless and agonizing. During the silences the victims created their own special hand languages and signed words to each other, they created new ways to speak to each other. Hulk ships were used during transportation to hold the prisoners captive. Hangmen were all called Jack Ketch, but most had different methods. Gallows were an advancement to hanging, there was a part of the floor that dropped, and the victims dropped as well, hanging by the rope leading to their deaths. Some people were even hung behind closed doors. Pirates and being accused of being a pirate was a serious issue, there were some serious consequences and death methods if you were caught. Slavery was a form of torture, and it has been around for many years and more years to come; there were many punishments and cruel torture. The army was disciplined also, they were whipped with swords, and lashes. Some navy discipline meant being shot, or strictly disciplined and punished. The guillotine had been along for a long time, but it was actually named in 1789, after it had been perfected by Dr. Joseph Guillotin. Many more advancements had come to the guillotine after it had been created.

Quote: "The abuses suffered, particularly by the burgeoning working classes created in the Industrial Revolution, were still intense"(Kellaway 88).

Reflection: This is told mostly from European counties and rules. Many types of punishments have been used. Some for thousands of years, and others hundreds. They all have huge affects on their victims.